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Acatepec, Santa Mar├¡a Yucu Yoo aca-tl: reed tepe-tl: hill -c(o): locative suffix "Hill of Reeds" yucu: hill yoo: moon tnu yoo: reed "Hill of the Moon"/"Hill of Reeds" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 68-69. Codex Bodley, page 10. Acatl├ín de Osorio Yucu Yusi Tisaha aca-tl: reed -tl├ín: place of, at "Place of Reeds" yucu: hill yusi: turquoise sisaha: soft, spongy, sterile "Hill of Turquoise" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 61-62. Codex Egerton, page 23.Achiutla, San Miguel Yucu Nicaandi ├æuu Ndecu achio-tl: achiote -tl├ín:: place of, at -tlah: place where there is an abundance of something "Place of Achiote" yucu: hill ndicaandi: sun "Hill of the Sun" ├▒uu: place, town ndecu: flames "Town of Flames" John Pohl and Bruce Byland, ΓÇ£Mixtec Landscape Perception and Archaeological Settlement Patterns," Ancient Mesoamerica 1.1 (1990): 126. Raul Alavez, Toponimia Mixteca (M├⌐xico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropolog├¡a Social, 1988) 103. Codex Selden, page 2. Amusgos, San Pedro ├æuu ├æama ├▒uu: place, town nama: corn husk, ball, or cocoon "Town of the Corn Husk/Ball/Cocoon" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 99-100, 120. Lienzo of Zacatepec I.Andua, San Andr├⌐s a: place, mouth nduvua: arrow "Place of the Arrow" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 42. Codex Selden, page 4.Apoala, Santiago Yuta Tnuhu Yuta Tnoho a-tl: water pohu(a): to be lofty, haugty -tl├ín:: place of, at -tlah: place where there is an abundance of something "Place of Lofty Water" yuta:: river tnuhu:: lineages "River of Lineages" yuta: river tnoho: to pluck, as birds "River of Plucked Feathers" Raul Alavez, Toponimia Mixteca (M├⌐xico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropolog├¡a Social, 1988) 74. Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 74. Codex Nuttall, page 36. Atoyac, San Pedro ├æuu Yuta atoya-tl: river -c(o): locative suffix ΓÇ£Place of the RiverΓÇ¥ ├▒uu: place, town yuta: river "Town of the River" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 100, 120. Lienzo of Zacatepec I. Ayu, Santa Mar├¡a Ayuhu a: mouth, place of yuhu: flowers "Place of Flowers" Mary Elizabeth Smith, "Codex Becker II: A Manuscript from the Mixteca Baja?" Archiv f├╝r V├╢lkerkunde 33 (1979): 41. Codex Becker II, page 3. Chalcatongo, Santa Mar├¡a ├æuundaya "Skull" chalcal-in: crayfish -ton-tli: diminuitive -c(o): locative suffix "Little Crayfish Place" ├▒uu: place, town daya: underworld "Place of the Underworld" Raul Alavez, Toponimia Mixteca (M├⌐xico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropolog├¡a Social, 1988) 102. Bruce Byland and John Pohl, In the Realm of Eight Deer: The Archaeology of the Mixtec Codices (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) 194-8. Maarten Jansen, ΓÇ£Apoala y su importancia para la interpretacion de los C├│dices Vindobonensis y Nuttall, Actes du XLIIe Congr├⌐s International des Am├⌐ricanistes , vol 7 (Paris, 1976): 29 Codex Selden, page 6.Chayucu, San Agust├¡n cha: foot yucu: hill "At the Foot of the Hill" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 101,120. Lienzo of Zacatepec I. Chicahuaxtla Tnu Tnoho tnoho: some, a group [Unclear how name relates to glyph: "hill of the arch"] Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 150-151. Codex Egerton, page 20.Chila Toho Yuvui toho: estuary yuvui: ruler "Estuary of the Ruler" Mary Elizabeth Smith and Ross Parmenter, The Codex Tulane (New Orleans: Middle American Research Institute, Tulane University, 1991) 30-33. Codex Vienna, page 43. Coixtlahuaca, San Juan Bautista Yodzo Coo coa-tl: snake ixtlahua-tl: plain -can: at some place, point "Plain of the Snakes" yodzo: plain coo: snake "Plain of the Snake" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 65-66. Bruce Byland and John Pohl, In the Realm of Eight Deer: The Archaeology of the Mixtec Codices (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) 144-147. Codex Mendoza, folio 43/r. Comaltepec, Santa Elena Yucu Siyo comal-li: comal tepe-tl: hill -c(o): locative suffix "Hill of the Comal" yucu: hill siyo: comal "Hill of the Comal" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 79. Codex Selden, page 15. Cuevas, San Miguel ├æuu Yucu ├▒uu: place, town yucu: shrub "Place of the Shrub" Viola K├╢nig, Inhaltliche Analyse und Interpretation von Codex Egerton , Beitr├ñge zur mittelamerikanischen V├╢lkerkunde, Hamburgischen Museum f├╝r V├╢lkerkunde, XV (M├╝nchen: Kommissionsverlag Klaus Renner, 1979). Codex Egerton, page 7. Cuilapan/Cuyolapan/Plain of the Cacaxtli (Carrying Rack) Sa'a Yucu coyol-li: bell apan-tli: canal, river ΓÇ£River of the BellΓÇ¥ sa'a: at the foot of yucu: hill, mountain "at the foot of the mountain" Maarten Jansen, ΓÇ£Nombres hist├│ricos e identidad etnica en los c├│dices mixtecos,ΓÇ¥ Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe 47 (1989). Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 64-65. Codex Selden, page 13.Cuquila, Santa Mar├¡a ├æuu Cui├▒e ├▒uu: place, town cui├▒e: jaguar "Town of the Jaguar" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 80. Lienzo of Ocotepec. Duranzos, San Mart├¡n ├æuu Ndaya ├▒uu: place, town ndaya: tree "Town of the Tree" Viola K├╢nig, Inhaltliche Analyse und Interpretation von Codex Egerton , Beitr├ñge zur mittelamerikanischen V├╢lkerkunde, Hamburgischen Museum f├╝r V├╢lkerkunde, XV (M├╝nchen: Kommissionsverlag Klaus Renner, 1979). Codex Egerton, page 10. Etlatongo, San Mateo Yucun Nduchi e-tl: bean -tl├ín: place of, at -tlah: place where there is an abundance of something -ton-tli: diminuitive -c(o): locative suffix "Little Place of Beans" yucun: temple nduchi: bean "Temple of the Beans" Mary Elizabeth Smith , "It Doesn't Amount to a Hill of Beans: The Frijol Motif in Mixtec Place Signs," Smoke and Mist: Mesoamerican Studies in Memory of Thelma D. Sullivan, ed. J. Kathryn Josserand and Karen Dakin, vol. 2 (Oxford: BAR International Series, 1988) 697-698. Raul Alavez, Toponimia Mixteca (M├⌐xico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropolog├¡a Social, 1988) 71. Codex Selden, page 13. Hua Chino "Red and White Bundle" "Xipe Bundle" huahi: house chindo: deformed, twisted "House of the Deformed" huahi: house yuchi: wind, flint ndodo: earth spirit "House of the Wind Spirit" Bruce Byland and John Pohl, In the Realm of Eight Deer: The Archaeology of the Mixtec Codices (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) 73. Bruce Byland and John Pohl, "The Identification of the Xipe Bundle-Red and White Bundle Place Sign in the Mixtec Codices,"Journal of Latin American Lore 19 (1996): 3-29. Codex Nuttall, page 83. Ipalpa, Santa Mar├¡a ├æuu Tayu ├▒uu: place, town tayu: seat, throne "Town of the Throne" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 120. Lienzo of Zacatepec I. Ixcuinatoyac ├æuu Yaca ├▒uu: place, town yaca: granary "Town of the Granary" Viola K├╢nig, Inhaltliche Analyse und Interpretation von Codex Egerton , Beitr├ñge zur mittelamerikanischen V├╢lkerkunde, Hamburgischen Museum f├╝r V├╢lkerkunde, XV (M├╝nchen: Kommissionsverlag Klaus Renner, 1979). Codex Egerton, page 27. Ixtayutla, Santiago Yuta ├æ├«├« yuta : river ├▒├«├«: skin, leather, hide "River of the Hide" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 101, 120. Lienzo of Zacatepec I.Jaltepec, Magdalena A├▒ute-├æuu Huico "Belching Mountain" xal-li: sand tepe-tl: hill -c(o): locative suffix "Place of the Hill of Sand" a: mouth, place ├▒ute: sand "place of sand" ├▒uu: place, town huico: clouds "City of Clouds" Raul Alavez, Toponimia Mixteca (M├⌐xico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropolog├¡a Social, 1988) 35. Mary Elizabeth Smith, "Codex Selden: A Manuscript from the Valley of Nochixtl├ín?" The Cloud People, ed. Kent Flannery and Joyce Marcus (New York: Academic Press, 1983) 248-55. Herbert J. Spinden, ΓÇ£Indian Manuscripts of Southern Mexico,ΓÇ¥ Smithsonian Institution , Annual Report, 1933 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office) 442. Codex Selden, page 6. Jicay├ín, San Pedro ├æuu Sii Qua'a ├▒uu: place, town sii: to say qua'a: much "Town that Says Much" [├▒uu frieze decorated with speech scrolls] Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 71. Lienzo of Zacatepec I. Juquila, Santa Catarina ├æuu Sii To'o ├▒uu: place, town sii: grandfathers to'o [tnoho]: rule, pull up by the roots "Town of the Grandfathers" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 75-76. Codex Bodley, page 13.Juxtlahuaca, Santiago Yodzo Cuiya xiu-tl: year ixtlahua-tl: plain -can: at some place, point ΓÇ£Plain of the Place of the YearΓÇ¥ yodzo: plain cuiya: year "Plain of the Year" Mary Elizabeth Smith, "Codex Becker II: A Manuscript from the Mixteca Baja?" Archiv f├╝r V├╢lkerkunde 33 (1979): 40-41. Codex Becker II, page 3.Mitla (Guhdz Bedkoi) Mitla Guhdz Bedkoi miqui(i): corpse, dead person -tl├ín: place of, at -tlah: place where there is an abundance of something ΓÇ£Place of the DeadΓÇ¥ Zapotec Guhdz Bedkoi: Hill of the Turkey John Pohl, The Lintel Paintings of Mitla and the Function of the Mitla Palaces, Mesoamerican Architecture as a Cultural Symbol, ed. Jeff Karl Kowalski (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 186-189. Codex Bodey, page 31.Mitla (Roogeuii) Mitla Roogeuii miqui(i): corpse, dead person -tl├ín: place of, at -tlah: place where there is an abundance of something ΓÇ£Place of the DeadΓÇ¥ Zapotec Roogeuii: At the Nanche Tree John Pohl, The Lintel Paintings of Mitla and the Function of the Mitla Palaces, Mesoamerican Architecture as a Cultural Symbol, ed. Jeff Karl Kowalski (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 189-190. Wall painting in the North Group, Mitla.Mitlantongo Dzandaya miqui(i): corpse, dead person -tl├ín: place of, at -tlah: place where there is an abundance of something -ton-tli: diminuitive -c(o): locative suffix "Little Place of the Dead" andaya: hell Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 77-78. Codex Bodley, page 3. Monte Alb├ín Yucu Oco├▒a├▒a yucu: hill oco: twenty ├▒a├▒a: jaguar "Hill of Twenty Jaguars" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 206. Maarten Jansen, ΓÇ£Nombres hist├│ricos e identidad etnica en los c├│dices mixtecos,ΓÇ¥ Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe 47 (1989). Ndu ├æuuΓÇÖuchi Toto Cuisi Flint, Place of Flints ndu: precise ├▒uu: place, town (y)uchi: flint "Precise Place of Flints" toto: rock cuisi: white "White Rock" Bruce Byland and John Pohl, In the Realm of Eight Deer: The Archaeology of the Mixtec Codices (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) 90-94. Codex Nuttall, page 19b. Nochixtl├ín, Asunci├│n Atoco noch-tli: nopal cactus -tl├ín: place of, at "Place of the Nopal Cactus" a: mouth, place toco: nopal cactus "Place of the Nopal Cactus" Raul Alavez, Toponimia Mixteca (M├⌐xico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropolog├¡a Social, 1988) 36. Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 21. Codex of Yanhuitl├ín, page 6. Nundaca, Guadalupe ├æuu Ndaca ├▒uu: place, town ndaca: column "Town of the Column" Viola K├╢nig, Inhaltliche Analyse und Interpretation von Codex Egerton , Beitr├ñge zur mittelamerikanischen V├╢lkerkunde, Hamburgischen Museum f├╝r V├╢lkerkunde, XV (M├╝nchen: Kommissionsverlag Klaus Renner, 1979). Codex Egerton, page 9 Pi├▒as, S. Vicente Yucu Ticuvua yucu: hill ticuvua: butterfly "Hill of the Butterfly" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 120. Lienzo of Zacatepec I.Pinotepa de Don Luis Doyo Yuhu doyo: to raise yuhu: mouth "To Raise [to] the Mouth" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 100, 120. Lienzo of Zacatepec I.Putla de Guerrero ├æuu Caa ├æuu ├æuma poch-tli: smoke -tl├ín:: place of, at "Place of Smoke" ├▒uu: place, town caa: metal [represented here by axes] "Town of Metal" ├▒uu: place, town ├▒uma: smoke "Town of Smoke" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 97-98. Lienzo of Zacatepec I. Sabanillos, San Andr├⌐s Tiyusi yusi: turquiose "Turquoise" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 62. Codex Egerton, page 31.Sachio, San Andr├⌐s saa: foot chiyo: platform "At the Foot of the Platform" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 82. Codex Selden, page 4.Suchixtl├ín, Santa Mar├¡a Chiyo Canu Cerro Jazm├¡n xochi-tl: flower -tl├ín: place of, at "Place of the Flower" chiyo: platform yuhu: flower "Platform of the Flower cerro: hill jazm├¡n: jasmine "Hill of Jasmine" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 79. Bruce Byland and John Pohl, In the Realm of Eight Deer: The Archaeology of the Mixtec Codices (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) 100-103. Codex Selden, page 5.Tamazola, San Juan ├æuu Yahva tamazol-in: toad -tl├ín: place of, at -tlah: place where there is an abundance of something ΓÇ£Place of the ToadΓÇ¥ ├▒uu: place, town yahua: toad ΓÇ£Place of the ToadΓÇ¥ (unclear how name relates to ΓÇ£Sheared CliffΓÇ¥ place sign Tataltepec, Santa Mar├¡a Yucu Quesi totonqui: something hot tepe-tl: hill -c(o): locative suffix ΓÇ£Hill of HeatΓÇ¥ yucu: hill quesi: scorching heat "Hill of Scorching Heat" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 58-59. Genealogy of Tlazultepec.Tecomaxtlahuaca, San Sebasti├ín Yodzo Yaha tecom(a)-tl: clay pot ixtlahua-tl: plain -can: at some place, point ΓÇ£Plain of the Clay PotΓÇ¥ yodzo: plain yaha: eagle "Plain of the Eagle" Mary Elizabeth Smith, "Codex Becker II: A Manuscript from the Mixteca Baja?" Archiv f├╝r V├╢lkerkunde 33 (1979):39-40. Codex Becker II, page 3. Tejupan, Santiago ├æuu Ndaa texu-tli: blue -pan: on the surface of "On the Blue Stone" ├▒uu: place, town ndaa: blue "Blue Town" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 60-61. Codex Sierra, page 15. Teozacoalco Chiyo Ca'nu teo-tl: god tzacual-li: small hill, temple -c(o): locative suffix ΓÇ£Place of the TempleΓÇ¥ chiyo: platform ca'nu: great, bent "Great/Bent Platform" Raul Alavez, Toponimia Mixteca (M├⌐xico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropolog├¡a Social, 1988) 41. Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 57. Codex Selden, page 4. Tequixtepec de Chuchones Yucu Yee yucu: hill yee: shell "Hill of the Shell" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 77. Lienzo of Ihuitl├ín.Tequixtepec del Rey/San Pablo y San Pedro Tequixtepec Yucu Ndaa Yee yucu: hill ndaa: pure, straight yee: shell "Hill of the Pure/Straight Shell" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 76-77. Codex Selden, page 15. Tilantongo,Temple of Heaven ├æuu Tnoo, Huahi Andehui tlil-li: black -ton-tli: diminuitive -c(o): locative suffix "Little Black Place" ├▒uu: place, town tnoo: black "Black Town" huahi: temple andehui: heaven "Temple of Heaven" Alfonso Caso, "El Mapa de Teozacoalco," Cuadersnos Americanos, A├▒o VIII 5 (1949). Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 55-57. Raul Alavez, Toponimia Mixteca (M├⌐xico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropolog├¡a Social, 1988) 57. Codex Nuttall, page 68.Tiyuqu tiyuqu: fly ΓÇ£FlyΓÇ¥ Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 69. Codex Selden, page 7. Tlaxiaco, Santa Mar├¡a Asunci├│n (Tlachquiauco) Ndisi Nuu tlach-tli: ballcourt -c(o): locative suffix "Place of the Ballcourt " ndisi: visible, obvious nuu: face, eye, "Visible Face/Eye, Clearly Seen" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 59-60. Codex Selden, page 14. Tonal├í, San Domingo ├æuu ├æehe ├▒uu: place, town ├▒ehe: steambath "Town of the Steambath" Viola K├╢nig, Inhaltliche Analyse und Interpretation von Codex Egerton , Beitr├ñge zur mittelamerikanischen V├╢lkerkunde, Hamburgischen Museum f├╝r V├╢lkerkunde, XV (M├╝nchen: Kommissionsverlag Klaus Renner, 1979). Codex Egerton, page 15. Tulancingo, San Miguel "Cattail Place" tol-in: reeds -tzin-tli: compounding element with honorific or diminutive sense -c(o): locative suffix ΓÇ£Important Cattail PlaceΓÇ¥ Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 72-75. Bruce Byland and John Pohl, In the Realm of Eight Deer: The Archaeology of the Mixtec Codices (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994)146-147. Codex Bodley, page 14. Tulixtlahuaca, San Pedro Yodzo Co'yo yodzo: plain co'yo: marsh grass "Plain of Marsh Grass" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 70-71. Codex Colombino, page 13.Tututepec, San Pedro Yucu Dzaa toto-tl: bird tepe-tl: hill -c(o): locative suffix "Hill of the Bird" yucu: hill dzaa: bird "Hill of the Bird" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 67-68. Codex Nuttall, page 50.Wasp, Hill of the Yucu Yoco Ndua Que'a Sina "Wasp" "Hill that is Opened" yucu: hill yoco: wasp "Hill of the Wasp" ndua [nduhua]: valley que'a sina: to open "Valley that is Opened" Bruce Byland and John Pohl, In the Realm of Eight Deer: The Archaeology of the Mixtec Codices (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) 94-98. Codex Vienna, page 42. Yahui Cavua Cavua Cuee cavua: cave cuee: illness "Cave of Illness" Bruce Byland and John Pohl, In the Realm of Eight Deer: The Archaeology of the Mixtec Codices (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) 85-90. Codex Bodley, pages 33-34. Yanhuitl├ín, Santo Domingo Yodzo Cadzi yancuic: new -tl├ín: place of, at "New Place" yodzo: plain cadzi: to take, to spin, cemetary Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 62-65. Raul Alavez, Toponimia Mixteca (M├⌐xico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropolog├¡a Social, 1988) 64. Codex Mendoza, folio 43/r.Yetla de Juarez ├æuu Nduchi e-tl: bean -tl├ín: place of, at -tlah: place where there is an abundance of something ΓÇ£Place of the BeanΓÇ¥ ├▒uu: place, town nduchi: beans "Town of the Beans" Mary Elizabeth Smith , "It Doesn't Amount to a Hill of Beans: The Frijol Motif in Mixtec Place Signs," Smoke and Mist: Mesoamerican Studies in Memory of Thelma D. Sullivan, ed. J. Kathryn Josserand and Karen Dakin, vol. 2 (Oxford: BAR International Series, 1988). Codex Becker II, page 1. Yodo├▒uviu yod[z]o: plain ├▒u[u]: place viu [huiyu]: cornfield "Plain of the Place of the Cornfield" Bruce Byland and John Pohl, In the Realm of Eight Deer: The Archaeology of the Mixtec Codices (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) 70. Codex Becker I, page 5. Yosotiche, Santiago yoso: plain tiche: iguana "Plain of the Iguana" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 98-99, 120. Lienzo of Zacatepec I. Yucu Yoo yucu: hill yoo: moon "Hill of the Moon" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 69. Codex Selden, page 7. Yucuna, Santo Reyes Yucu Naa yucu: hill naa: dark "Dark Hill" Mary Elizabeth Smith, "Codex Becker II: A Manuscript from the Mixteca Baja?" Archiv f├╝r V├╢lkerkunde 33 (1979):32-34. Codex Becker II, page 1. Yucu├▒udahui yucu: hill ├▒u(hu): spirit dzahui: rain "Hill of the Rain Spirit" Maarten Jansen, Huisi Tacu: Estudio interpretativo de un libro mixteco antiguo, Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I, Indicentele Publicaties 24 and 25 (Amsterdam: Centrum voor Studie en Documentatie van Latijns Amerika, 1982). Codex Vienna, page 45. Yucu Tnoo Monte Negro yucu: hill tnoo: dark "Dark Hill" John Pohl and Bruce Byland, ΓÇ£Mixtec Landscape Perception and Archaeological Settlement Patterns, " Ancient Mesoamerica 1.1 (1990):122. Codex Vienna, page 40. Yute Coo yute: river coo: serpent "River of the Serpent" Bruce Byland and John Pohl, In the Realm of Eight Deer: The Archaeology of the Mixtec Codices (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) 104. Codex Bodley, page 4.Zaachila Teozapotl├ín Tocuisi teo-tl: god tzapo-tecah: Zapotec (person from the zapote-place) -tl├ín:: place of, at "place of the Zapotec God" toto: rock cuisi: curved/esteemed "Curved Rock" Bruce Byland and John Pohl, In the Realm of Eight Deer: The Archaeology of the Mixtec Codices (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) 178. John Paddock, Lord Five FlowerΓÇÖs Family: Rulers of Zaachila and Cuilapan, Vanderbilt University Publications in Anthropology 24 (Nashville: Vanderbilt University, 1983) 8. Codex Nuttall, page 61.Zacatepec, Santa Mar├¡a Yucu Satuta zaca-tl: grass tepe-tl: hill -c(o): locative suffix "Hill of Zacate" yucu: hill sa: seven tuta: water satu: poisonous herb "Seven Water Hill"/"Hill of the Poisonous Herb" Mary Elizabeth Smith, Picture Writing in Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps, Civilization of the American Indian Series 124 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973) 96-97. Lienzo of Zacatepec I. Zahu├ítl├ín, Magdalena Yucu Nicata zahua-tl: itch -tl├ín: place of, at "Place of Itching" yucu: hill ni: past-tense prefix cata: to dance, to itch "Hill that Danced"/"Hill that Itched" Mary Elizabeth Smith, "Codex Selden: A Manuscript from the Valley of Nochixtl├ín?" The Cloud People, ed. Kent Flannery and Joyce Marcus (New York: Academic Press, 1983) 250-51. Raul Alavez, Toponimia Mixteca (M├⌐xico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropolog├¡a Social, 1988) 66. Codex Selden, page 3. Zapotitl├ín Lagunas ├æuu Ndoco tzapo-tl: zapote tree -tl├ín: place of, at ΓÇ£Place of the ZapoteΓÇ¥ ├▒uu: place, town ndoco: seed "Town of Seeds" Viola K├╢nig, Inhaltliche Analyse und Interpretation von Codex Egerton , Beitr├ñge zur mittelamerikanischen V├╢lkerkunde, Hamburgischen Museum f├╝r V├╢lkerkunde, XV (M├╝nchen: Kommissionsverlag Klaus Renner, 1979). Codex Egerton, page 16.